Economic Environmental And Culture Impacts Of Tourism

Economic environmental And shade Impacts Of TourismIn light of the increasingly competitive day succession visit market and concern nigh the keeping of wild zoologys in captivity for human amusement, the national zoological garden of Bangladesh must balance cautiously the demands of the paying visitant with those of maintaining credibility as conservation and statement-oriented organisations. Utilising the model of the point of intersection breeding cycle this paper analyses the current position of national zoo of Bangladesh in the visitor attraction market. The major tourism issues argon discussed in this paper and it too emphasises the integration of the social economic and environmental for effective tourism and development.IntroductionTourism has become the prominentest tool of this deport century to achieve international mutual beneathstanding. It is a travel oddly for leisure or recreational purposes. It is now a global assiduity that involves cardinals of domestic and international tourists travel e genuinely year. Tourism works as a bridge among the heap with out the world who atomic bend 18 from different languages, subtletys, race and so on. Tourism is basically found on tourists not the economy and the developing countries contribute be greatly benefited by this industry. It not only brings the nations closer to wankher but also keeps great international kinship. Tourism is nigh(prenominal) entertaining and educative. People plunder posture enormous in sortation and fanny see the unseen through it. still it can submit major reachs and these seismic disturbances can be both plus and negative. These forces can be presented under the headings of economy, socio-cultural and environmental impacts.Dhaka zoo is boastfullyst zoo in Bangladesh situated in Mirpur,Dhaka.It is the national zoo under the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock. The fit number of vertebrate fauna in the zoo is about 2,150 in 191 species. Incl uded in these animals, be about 551 mammals under 64 species, 1,543 birds under 90 species, 73 reptiles under 15 species, and about 104 aquarium fishes under 23 species. To attract visitors besides m either fascinating animals, there ar 15 tigers, 21 lions, 9 hippopotamus, about 200 monkeys, and 33 pythons. Moreover, or so r ar and inte bearing animals such as the rhea, peacock, zebra, elephant, African grey parrot, water buck, impala, emus, baboon, chimpanzee, gayal, black bear, tapir, mandrill, and estuarine crocodile provide additional entertainment to the visitors.The zoo has a captive breeding programme and successfully bred the Royal Bengal Tiger, lion, leopard, primates, deer, and many birds. It has animal ex substitute programmes with many zoos of the world. As gifts Bangladesh government presented about 300 zoo animals to different organisations and personalities of different countries including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Iraq. The zoo regularly organizes variou s education programmes for students. The various ornamental features of the garden provides an aesthetic background to the animal houses, enclosures and aviaries, bewildered all over the empyrean, exhibiting indigenous fauna of Bangladesh as well as exotic specimens collected from different countries of the world.Methodology, findings and analysisEconomic ImpactsEconomic impacts be the approximately significant field for tourism. The impacts can be positive and negative. It can be especially marked on developing countries. People of this bucolic can easily make foreign exchange like dollars, francs, pound sterling and so on through tourism. The economic impacts of tourism represent the most important facets of tourism from a development viewpoint. It can bring a great economic benefit for a country. Tourism can also contribute greatly to gross national product because the success of countries and governments be frequently explained through the percentage of annual growths in GNP. Moreover it can gambol a significant p wile for extra phthisis in the economy on goods and services. The economic impact of the zoological garden has grown significantly beyond the growth of the national and regional economies. This implies that the national Zoo of Bangladesh is a growth industry for the topical anesthetic economy. Visitor spending by Zoo patrons contributes significantly to the economic impact of the Zoo. The Zoo has an economic development impact that was not quantified in this analysis. The presence of the Zoo has a positive impact on the attendance levels of different Greater East Pakistani amusement place and events, and vice-versa. The presence of the Zoo enhances the overall attraction of Bangladesh.Economic Impact ResultsWe nominate lay outd that since 1992, construction by the Zoo has led toOne-time economic impacts ranging from $1.6 million to $12.8 million inthe Greater Cincinnati economy. The largest construction impact occurred from 1992 construction expenditures, which center $5.7 million. In 1996, the construction impact of the Zoo was $2.7 million, of which $836,362 went to bea households in the form of wages. Zoo construction led to the creation and retention of a total of 35 Bangladeshi jobs in 1996.The on-going economic impacts associated with the Zoos operationexpenditures pass water been steadily increasing since 1992. The totaleconomic impact of operations increased 52 percent over this period, toreach $29.2 million in 1996. The economic impact on household earningsincreased 33 percent from 1992 to 1996, com implement $10.7 million in 1996.The employment impact increased from 491 jobs in 1992 to 580 in 1996 an 18 percent increase. (http//www.grips.ac.jp/alumni/UzbekistanTourism(2).pdf)Again tourism expenditure into an economy is not completely based on direct expenditure rather it is based on multiply of income. For instance, The currency that is given by tourists can have multi uses. Employee will r eceive wages and they will also spend in local market for their daily necessities. Some of the money can pass through banking institution. Perhaps this money can be paid for repaying their banking debts and roughtimes they can save the money and invest as well in the local market. The government will also be benefited through taxation. Therefore, the money runs into the local market through investment, savings and taxation. ( peter M. Burns and Andrew Holden) evidentiary numbers of jobs can be created through tourism. The employers can engage themselves as hotel workers, bar staff and can also engage themselves in other areas such as boat hire, cycle hire and repair, car and motorbike hire, food and drink selling and so on. Furthermore the local heap who are problematic in craft activities of painting, wood carving and dress shop making can get great economic profit (Mason,1995).In addition, government can earn a huge amount of revenues from tourist. political relation expendit ure can be collected from the increased tourism expenditure at both central and local levels. The revenues can be interpreted through employee taxation and in some cases direct taxation placed on the tourist. For example, Government can earn from the arrival taxes and from the de digressure taxes. additionally tourism is real helpful for infrastructure development of the host country. By getting revenues from tourists the government can use it for the developments of countrys airport, roads, electricity, and water and for sewerage disposal. As the government can use the revenues for the development of the country thus they occupy not to take loan from other sources.The socio-cultural impacts of the zooCulture is about how the great unwashed observe social interactions. actually enculturations consist with behavioural patterns that have been acquired through generations. Culture also includes belief, art, moral low, knowledge and so on. Culture attraction in relation to tourism includes leisure activities, educational schema, dress, languages, art and music, handicrafts, religion, tradition, food, architecture and so on.Visitors and host population both are genuinely important in relation to socio-cultural impacts of tourism. The impacts will be greatest when the discriminate will be shown between receiving society and origin culture. Tourism can encourage social mobility in the developing country like Bangladesh through changes in employment from traditional agriculture and may result in higher wages and better job prospects. There are some more benefits of socio-cultural tourism impacts. These are creation of job employment, the rebirth of local arts and revival of social cultural life of the local great deal. except tourism can cause over crowding at the zoo of Bangladesh. The overcrowding can cause stress for both tourists and the local people of Bangladesh. Although the notable impacts are over dependency on tourism and consequently the traditi onal activities of the local farmers like firming has rock-bottom.Another socio-cultural impact of tourism is presentation effect. The demonstration effect depends on tourist and on hosts. Some local people changes themselves behaviorically particularly the youth generation are greatly bear upon by demonstration effect. It is genuinely obvious that the host countries people are precise much interested towards the life style of tourists. The demonstration effect also has economic implication. The local people of Bangladesh are interested towards western products. For instance, it is very common go through of the local people at the zoo area that they wear jeans, t-shirt instead of traditional dress, in the same time they become interested to imported drinks like coke rather than lemonade.In addition, in many developing areas tourism has contributed to an incensement of prostitution. Although it is very difficult to determine exactly how much probably the most famous and docume nted sexual act tourism destinations are Thailand and Philippines. Sex tourism often involves both sexes, masculine or female tourists looking for female or male prostitutes. Bangladesh is a Muslim religious based country where most of the people are religious minded. Although sex tourism is not a common picture in Bangladesh. However, many tourists go into holidays with the inner hope of finding a partner for sexual relationship. The partner may or may not be the resident of the host country it is often a laddie tourist. Many evidence show how many women are involved in open ended prostitution may able to establish bimestrial term relationships with several foreigners through facking romantic involvement. The scare of AIDS had a dramatic effect on prostitution. Although Bangladesh is not completely out jeopardize of sex tourism.Furthermore, tourism can have tremendous effect on culture and these are both positive and negative. A changing culture means a changing composition w ith respect to income earners in family. This alteration has a tremendous impact on family structure and the society as a unit. Bangladesh is basically a male dominated country and when women get financial independence their whole perspective of life and marriage is addicted to change. Most of the local people at the zoo who are involved in tourism cogitate business are questioned and the replied who have got from them give notice that most of the families are related to tourism business. The main results of the questionnaire from the local people at the zoo are as follows most of the local people at the zoo understand that tourists are different from them. According to local people of the zoo the benefits that can be got tourists are vandalism, sexual harassment, adopt addiction and prostitution and crime in general. Again, most of the local young are in favour in tourism. They prefer to accept the culture of the tourists which is considered as a great threat of host culture.T herefore, there is both positive and negative socio- cultural impacts of tourism. The negative impacts includes demonstration effect, cultural defame and specific issues for example incensement in drag taking, prostitution, crime and so on. Actually the negative consequences are mostly seen where there is a cultural divergency between tourists and hosts.Environmental Impacts of tourism at the ZooDeveloped on behalf of the national zoo of Bangladesh-based environmental consultancy, Carbon Plan, the system was designed for the Zoo to measure and report its environmental impact. The Zoo has now been short listed for an environmental excellence are awarded, for developing this project. The awards were established last year to actualise the good work done by environmental consultancies as part of the wider efforts to reduce our global impact. SALOME is one of the startle environmental accounting schema tools specifically designed for business. As a result of its implementation, Bang ladesh Zoo has reduced its deoxycytidine monophosphate footprint by 39.6 per cent since 2006, a reduction of 370 tonnes of carbon per year. The Director of Bangladeshi Zoo Gardens, Dr M mofizar Rahman, said This nomination is barbarian news for Bangladesh Zoo and for Carbon Plan, and demonstrates the Zoos commitment to environmental sustainability.CarbonPlan has also worked with Bangladeshi Zoo Gardens to develop a set of Sustainable Development Guidelines for its bailiwick Wildlife Conservation Park .The nomination comes as the national Zoo of Bangladesh became the first zoo in the country to achieve the ISO14001 certification the international measuring for environmental instruction systems.The environment is a key resource for tourism. in general visitors are attracted by the inwrought beauty of the country. On the other hand, molest of environment can reduce a great number of visitors. sometimes tourism has a indirect impact on physical environment. The natural environ ment includes the landscape, rivers, rock outcrops, beaches, plants and animals. There are five aspects of environment. The natural environment includes mountainous areas, seas, rivers and lakes, caves, beaches, natural woodland and so on. Again the wild life includes Land based animals and reptiles, flora, birds, insects and so on. The framed environment includes man do forests, fish firms. The built environment includes individual building and structures, villages and townscapes, transport and infrastructure.Where is very important factor for tourism environment impact because an urban areas are utilise more by the tourists than the rural areas. This is because of roads, structure and proper proviso process. Therefore the national zoo of Bangladesh are electromotive force droply far greater than small number of walkers in the beach of Bangladesh.Tourism is a seasonal application in Bangladesh. Thus the environment of the can be affected by the tourism only a part of year an d the rest of the year the character is recovering itself. Although it not always possible for the nature to recover itself for instance, in winter season a large number domestic tourists visit the zoo which is out of control for the environment to recover. ecology is very significant for tourism. Ecology refers human, animal and plants and each of the elements are related to each other if there any ecological imbalance happens the whole environment will be heavily affected.The national Zoo of Bangladesh is actually a seasonal tourist attraction. The peak season is December to whitethorn and time 10amto 4pm is busiest time of the day. The domestic people are the main visitors furthermore, visitor also come from India, Pakistan, Burma, especially from the south Asian countries. A large number of visitors visit the zoo everyday. There is no accurate measurement of the visitor number at the Zoo however evidence suggests that botch than 200 visitors visit at the Zoo for per hour. Alth ough the zoo is unaffected by the visitors yet the great number flashing photography may change the behavior of the wild animal.Tourism mean and managementThere are number of aims and objectives for tourism planning. Tourism planning is particularly based on ideas on future tourism and the intention of tourism planning is clear maximum benefits and derives minimum negative cause. There are also some key players of tourism planning and management. Tourism management requires consideration of a number of factors including Who is managing? What is being managed? How is it being managed? Where is it happening? and when is it happening? These question are clearly integral and it very difficult to separate. The major players are tourists themselves, members of the host communities, government agencies and representative of travel agency. In relation to tourism planning and management NGOs and media can play a significant role.Although tourists are undeniably very important part yet they are often fault for rights responsibilities. The right and responsibilities of tourists are as followsTourists need to obey the local police force and in the time they cannot take part in any hot activities. They need to respect the religion and the cultures of host countries. They should not make any harm for natural environment. Again protecting wild animals and contributing in local economy is also their responsibility.Education can be used as an important technique in tourism management indoors the content of interpretation. It is educational process that involves the transfer of knowledge and the development of value to environment and culture. Tour guides act as site interpreter a zoo keepers are specific form of interpreter used by the zoo to help manage, the educational experience for visitors. In addition codes an organize and guide lines are very significant to regulate tourism codes of care have a range of authors including government, NGOs And other representa tives.Moreover, it has a great sizeableness in tourism planning and management. GIS is a computer based system that can handle and process geographical data. In the widest sense of the activity is sustainable. The activity has been concerned with socio-cultural and economic factors. According to the sustainable sense the activity shows that tourism should be recognized as positive factor with the potential to the benefit of the community and place as well as the visitors. The relationship between tourism environments must be managed so that environment is sustainable in the long term.ConclusionThis paper shows variety of tourism effects under the heading of socio-cultural, economic and environmental impacts. The paper also represents a number of different organizations, groups and individuals which have a significant role to play in tourism management and planning. The role both tourists and hosts are very remarkable for tourism management and planning. The paper shows that the nat ional zoo of Bangladesh has the potential to create successful tourism industry. It also indicates that there is likelihood of well-planned and management tourism in which environmetal factors and socio cultural aspects are well integrated.